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When a device is configured as a DHCP client, it will send a a broadcast packet to discover DHCP servers on the network. Broadcast packets are not forwarded by routers by default, so if a DHCP server is in a different network than the DHCP client, it will not receive the request. Consider the following […]
It is recommended to set the correct timezone and adjust the DST setting before configuring a router as an NTP client. The syntax of the command used to set the timezone is:(config)clock timezone NAME HOURS [MINUTES]The name of the timezone can be anything you like. After the name parameter, you need to specify the difference […]
A default route defines where packets will be sent if no specific route for the destination network is listed in the routing table. If no default route is set, the router will discard all packets with destination addresses not found its routing table.Consider the following example: We have a network of three routers. R1 is […]
Just like regular hosts, if a Cisco router wants to exchange frames with a host in the same subnet, it needs to know its MAC address. The IP-to-MAC address mapping are kept in the router’s ARP table. Consider the following example:R1 has two connected subnets – 10.0.0.0/24 and 172.16.0.0./16. Before exchanging frames with either host, […]
An URL is a string of characters that contains information about how to fetch a resource from its location. An URL specifies the primary access mechanism and the network location of a resource. A typical URL consists of the following components:the protocol used to connect to the server (e.g. HTTPS)the server hostname (e.g. geek-university.com)the document […]
In one of the previous lessons we’ve defined a static route for a specific subnet by using the subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 in the ip route command. IOS also allows you to specify a static host route for a single host by specifying the 255.255.255.255 (/32) subnet mask in the ip route command.Static host routes […]
Prerequisites for 200-301 200-301 is a single exam, consisting of about 120 questions. It covers a wide range of topics, such as routing and switching, security, wireless networking, and even some programming concepts. As with other Cisco certifications, you can take it at any of the Pearson VUE certification centers. The recommended training program that […]
Syslog messages that appear on a Cisco device consists of several parts. Consider the following message:*Jan 18 03:02:42: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/0, changed state to downThe message consists of the following parts:Jan 18 03:02:42 – the timestamp%LINEPROTO – the source that generated the message. It can be a hardware device (e,g. a router), a […]
Syslog is a standard for message logging. Syslog messages are generated on Cisco devices whenever an event takes place – for example, when an interface goes down or a port security violation occurs.You’ve probably already encountered syslog messages when you were connected to a Cisco device through the console – Cisco devices show syslog messages […]
A rollover cable is usually shipped with each Cisco device. This cable connects a serial port on your computer to the console port of the device and it is used for the device’s initial configuration. It is called rollover because the wires on one end are rolled at the other end – the wire at […]
We’ve learned it is possible to configure local usernames and passwords on a Cisco device and then use them to login to the device. To do this, we’ve used the username USER password PASSWORD command, like in the example below:R1(config)#username tuna password peyoHowever, there is one problem with this command – the password is stored […]
By default, any single word entered on an IOS device that is not recognized as a valid command is treated as a hostname to which you want to telnet. The device will try to translate that word to an IP address in a process that can last about a minute.Consider the following example:R1#writte Translating \”writte\”…domain […]
Most Cisco routers include an additional auxiliary (Aux) port as a backup async port. This port is commonly used as a dial-up port for remote router management. It is connected to a modem and enables an administrator to make a phone call to connect to the router’s CLI.The following figure shows how to connect a […]
Interface status codes can tell you whether an interface on a Cisco router or a switch is working. Status codes of an interface can be displayed using the show interface TYPE command, e.g.:SW1#show interface fa0/1 FastEthernet0/1 is up, line protocol is up (connected) Hardware is Lance, address is 0060.70d8.0001 (bia 0060.70d8.0001) BW 100000 Kbit, DLY […]